{"id":308077,"date":"2026-01-23T12:38:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T11:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/?p=308077"},"modified":"2026-01-23T12:41:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T11:41:10","slug":"%d1%98%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%83%d0%b0%d1%80-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bd-%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%b7-%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/?p=308077","title":{"rendered":"\u0408\u0410\u041d\u0423\u0410\u0420, \u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0418 \u0414\u0410\u041d \u0411\u0415\u0417 \u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0410: \u201e\u0421\u0412\u0410\u041a\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u0414\u0410\u041d\u0410 \u0411\u0415\u0417 \u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0410\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<br \/>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433 31. \u0458\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0443 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0458\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430. \u041e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u045a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d \u0458\u0435: \u201e\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u201c. \u0423\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 (\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438) \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435\u043c \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430 (\u0415\u0421\u041f\u0410\u0414 2024) \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 13-15 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Polne razlike<\/strong>pokazuju ne\u0161to&nbsp;<strong>ve\u0107u prevalencu me\u0111u devoj\u010dicama (32% naspram 31% kod de\u010daka<\/strong>). Ovaj trend je prisutan u vi\u0161e od dve tre\u0107ine zemalja, sa najve\u0107im razlikama u Rumuniji (47% naspram 36%) i Bugarskoj (46% naspram 36%). Me\u0111utim, u nekim zemljama ovaj trend je obrnut, naro\u010dito u Gruziji (35% naspram 24%).&nbsp;<strong>U Srbiji 31,5% mladi\u0107a i 33,3% devojaka<\/strong>&nbsp;je probalo cigarete do 15 godina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Polne razlike<\/strong>pokazuju ne\u0161to&nbsp;<strong>ve\u0107u prevalencu me\u0111u devoj\u010dicama (32% naspram 31% kod de\u010daka<\/strong>). Ovaj trend je prisutan u vi\u0161e od dve tre\u0107ine zemalja, sa najve\u0107im razlikama u Rumuniji (47% naspram 36%) i Bugarskoj (46% naspram 36%). Me\u0111utim, u nekim zemljama ovaj trend je obrnut, naro\u010dito u Gruziji (35% naspram 24%).&nbsp;<strong>U Srbiji 31,5% mladi\u0107a i 33,3% devojaka<\/strong>&nbsp;je probalo cigarete do 15 godina. <strong>Trenutnu upotrebu cigareta<\/strong>, definisanu kao pu\u0161enje u poslednjih 30 dana,&nbsp;<strong>prijavljuje 18% u\u010denika<\/strong>. Najve\u0107a prevalenca zabele\u017eena je u Hrvatskoj i Ma\u0111arskoj (32%), dok je najni\u017ea na Islandu (4,2%) i u \u0160vedskoj (8,2%).&nbsp;<strong>U Srbiji 24,5%<\/strong>mla\u0111ih od 15 godina trenutno pu\u0161i. Trenutno&nbsp;<strong>pu\u0161enje je \u010de\u0161\u0107e me\u0111u devoj\u010dicama u vi\u0161e od polovine ESPAD zemalja<\/strong>, s najve\u0107om razlikom u Bugarskoj (34% naspram 25%) i Rumuniji (30% naspram 22%), dok je&nbsp;<strong>u Srbiji 25,5% naspram 23,4%<\/strong>. Me\u0111utim, obrazac je obrnut u Gruziji (18% naspram 9,5%), gde de\u010daci \u010de\u0161\u0107e pu\u0161e. <strong>Svakodnevno pu\u0161enje<\/strong><strong>cigareta<\/strong>&nbsp;prijavljuje&nbsp;<strong>7,9%<\/strong>&nbsp;u\u010denika iz ESPAD uzorka, sa sli\u010dnim procentima me\u0111u polovima. Najve\u0107e stope zabele\u017eene su u Bugarskoj i Hrvatskoj (20%), dok je najni\u017ea na Islandu (0,8%) a&nbsp;<strong>u Srbiji je ve\u0107a od proseka<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>13,1%<\/strong>&nbsp;i ne razlikuje se po polu). U proseku,&nbsp;<strong>44% u\u010denika&nbsp;<\/strong>u ESPAD zemljama izjavljuje da su barem jednom&nbsp;<strong>u \u017eivotu koristili elektronske cigarete<\/strong>, a nacionalna prevalenca varira od 22% u Portugalu do 57% u Ma\u0111arskoj a&nbsp;<strong>u Srbiji je 53,7%.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Odvikavanje od pu\u0161enja se mo\u017ee sprovoditi na nekoliko na\u010dina:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Bihejvioralne metode:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Samoodvikavanje;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Savetovali\u0161ta (bihevioralni pristup):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; sa individualnim pristupom;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; sa grupnim pristupom: po petodnevnom planu (po metodu Mekfarlanda i Folkenberga) besplatno u nekim domovima zdravlja (Novi Sad, Zrenjanin\u201c) i ZJZ Subotica ili metod \u201e7 koraka do promene\u201c (po metodu Prohaska i diClemente);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; telefonski ili internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) Farmakolo\u0161ke metode: nikotin-zamenska terapija i nenikotinski lekovi (bupropion i citizin);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) Kombinovane metode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/izjzv.org.rs\/?lng=&amp;cir=&amp;link=3-15-4549\">https:\/\/izjzv.org.rs\/?lng=&amp;cir=&amp;link=3-15-4549<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><br \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433 31. \u0458\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0443 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0458\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430. \u041e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u045a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d \u0458\u0435: \u201e\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":308078,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-308077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vesti","category-kalendar-zdravlja"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=308077"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308077\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":308080,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308077\/revisions\/308080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/308078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=308077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=308077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dzindjija.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=308077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}